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High myopia is the main cause of visual impairment in the world. With the development of society, the myopia rate is increasing year by year. The development of high myopia is closely related to the progressive extension of the eye axis, and a series of fundus changes will inevitably occur with the extension of the eye axis, such as comus, lacquer cracks, choroidal neovascularization, macular choroidal atrophy, retinal detachment, posterior scleral staphyloma, etc. At present, characterized by younger age and high degree, myopia has become the main cause of blindness in China. This paper briefly summarizes the latest research on the morphological changes of the optic disc, macula, retina, choroid and sclera of high myopia, aiming to provide references for the development of intelligent prediction models, clinical diagnosis and further research on the treatment measures in combination with the fundus morphology of high myopia.
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AIM: To analyze the risk factors related to pterygium in plateau area and establish a prediction model.METHODS: Using the method of cluster random sampling, the long-term residents living in the plateau with an average altitude of 3 000m were selected to conduct a field survey of pterygium from June 2020 to June 2021. Single factor and multi-factor analysis were used to analyze the risk factors related to pterygium, and the R software was used to establish the prediction model.RESULTS: The actual number of people investigated in this study was 1 514, and the number of patients with pterygium was 210, the overall prevalence rate was 13.87%. The age >43 years old, plateau area residence history, sunshine time, gender, smoking history, drinking history, hypertension, diabetes and hyperlipidemia are risk factors for pterygium. Among them, the long-term sunshine was the most dangerous factor for pterygium(OR: 6.215, 95%CI: 4.008-9.636, P<0.001), followed by >43 years old(OR: 5.348, 95%CI: 2.06-13.88, P=0.001). The decision curve analysis(DCA)showed that when the Nomo score system was applied, the predicted probability of pterygium was completely consistent with the actual probability of pterygium.CONCLUSION: The risk factors of pterygium as follows, the age >43 years old, plateau area residence history, sunshine time, gender, smoking history, drinking history, hypertension, diabetes and hyperlipidemia. The Nomo scoring system prediction model can accurately predict pterygium and provide a theoretical basis for the intervention of pterygium in plateau areas.
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@#AIM: To determine the risk factors of age-related macular degeneration(ARMD)in high altitude areas and establish Nomoto prediction model.<p>METHODS:Using the method of cluster random sampling, the subjects were selected from some communities in Xining City, with an average altitude of 2 100m. The subjects were ≥40 years old, and the investigation method was field investigation. Single factor and multi factor analysis were used to determine the risk factors of ARMD, and R software was used to draw Nomoto.<p>RESULTS: The actual number of subjects in this survey is 2 595. Age, cataract, living time at high altitude, smoking, drinking, high blood pressure and mobile phone use are risk factors of ARMD. Old age was the most risk factor for ARMD(<i>OR</i>: 53.078, 95% <i>CI</i>: 28.405-77.183, <i>P</i><0.001), followed by long-term use of mobile phones(<i>OR</i>: 9.142, 95% <i>CI</i>: 1.906-43.846, <i>P</i><0.001). The DCA decision curve showed that when the Nomo score existed, the probability of predicting ARMD was almost the same as that of actual ARMD.<p>CONCLUSION: The risk factors of ARMD are old age, high altitude living time, cataract, smoking, drinking, high blood pressure and mobile phone using time, especially the old people who live in high altitude for a long time. Nomo scoring system can accurately predict ARMD and provide theoretical basis for clinicians to intervene ARMD in high altitude areas.
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@#At present, gene detection technology has become increasingly mature and integrated with multi-disciplinary, which provides help for clinicians to diagnose, treat andprognosis of the disease. In recent years, gene detection technology in diabetic retinopathy(DR)has made some progress, mainly applied to the risk factors of diabetic retinopathy and follow-up personalized treatment plan. Therefore, we summarize and analyze the gene loci related to diabetic retinopathy that can be detected by gene detection technology.
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@#AIM: To study the concentration of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)in aqueous humor in patients with wet age-related macular degeneration(wAMD)before and after Ranibizumab treating at high altitude and the correlation of VEGF concentration with central fovea macula thickness. <p>METHODS: The patients with wAMD in our hospital from Jun. 2014. to Oct. 2015 were retrospectively analyzed, diagnosed after best corrected visual acuity, intraocular pressure, fundus examination, fundus color photography, fluorescence fundus angiography(FFA)and optical coherence tomography(OCT)inspection. Seventy- six patients with cataract without choroidal neovascularization(CNV)were selected as control group. In the 76 patients(76 eyes), 46 were male, 30 were female, aged 40-80(55±11.18). The course was 0.3-6mo. The corrected visual acuity was 0.01-0.6. The intraocular press was 15.24±3.12mmHg. The CNV in all cases was within the range of the 500μm in diameter. Under surface anesthesia, Ranibizumab(0.5mg)was injected into vitreous cavity. Before and after injection, aqueous humor was obtained and used to detect the concentration of VEGF through ELISA. Best corrected visual acuity, slit lamp microscope, intraocular pressure, OCT and FFA were observed after treatment. <p>RESULTS:The clinical curative effect is the best at 1mo after treatment with statistical significance(<i>P</i><0.05). The concentration of VEGF in aqueous humor in wAMD patients before treatment(95.48±50.09pg/mL)was higher than that of control group(43.01±16.17pg/mL). The concentration of VEGF decreased at 1mo after treatment as 31.89±14.14pg/Ml(<i>P</i><0.05). The concentration of VEGF was positive related with central fovea macula thickness(<i>P</i><0.05). <p>CONCLUSION: For wAMD patients, Ranibizumab injection is effective for it reduces the concentration of VEGF in aqueous humor and the central fovea macula thickness. The VEGF concentration in aqueous humor and foveal retinal thickness has a positive correlation.
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Photodynamic therapy ( PDT ) is a new technique to diagnose and treat diseases with photodynamic effect produced by photosensitizer and light, and is now a main method of treating exudative age - related macular degeneration ( AMD ) . ln recent years, with the development of science and technology, combinations of PDT have become a research hot spot. ln this paper, we reviewed the research status of treatments on exudative AMD with PDT combined anti-VEGF drugs.